waste　

waste　损耗　

1.general：resources consumed by inefficient or non-essential activities.Unwanted material left over from a production process，or output which has no marketable value.Process or material that does not（from the viewpoint of the customer）adds value to a good or service.Material discharged to，deposited in，or emitted to an environment in such amount or manner that causes a harmful change.2.lean production：the activity that consumes resources but adds no value.Called muda in Japanese，wastes are divided into seven types.Over-production：producing something more than the demand or before it is needed.Waiting：for the next process step due to long cycle time.Transport：unnecessary movement of material or parts due to inappropriate location of equipment or machines.Over-processing：processing that adds no value due to poor product design.Excess inventory：collect costs due to poor planning.Unnecessary movement of workers，due to inappropriate tool or work design.Defective product：products that nobody wants.